初中英语语法宾语从句讲解

小口诀：

宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；

主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether,

特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。

一．基本讲解 来源：直接引语变间接引语

概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做V谓/介词短语的宾语。

 Eg:  He said,“I am good at drawing”.

He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)

　    Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)

1.引导词

 (1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。

Eg:  She said,“I want to go there ”     She said (that) she wanted to go there.

     They all know (that) Jim is good at skating.

(2) whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。

Eg:  “Are you interested in geography?” she said.

          She asked if/whether I was interested in geography.

I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei .

        I’m not sure whether he will come or not.

注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外

　a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用if

　　eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic.

　b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether.

　　 eg:I can’t say whether or not he will come on time

c. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether.

   Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times.

      Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay.

(3). 特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。

特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose.

    What 引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。

E.g. ‘What do you want?’ He asked.      He asked me what I wanted.

   I have no idea where he is now.  I don’t know how to deal with it.

   He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class.

 对比下列句子，看what 做什么成分：

   He asked what was the wrong/matter with me.（what 做主语）

   He doesn’t know what to do now(做宾语)

  He asked me who he was.(who 做表语)